Grace Kay working with Stefan Wolff on warming up the young horse: “Get her to stretch. You don’t have to always let the stretch go through, it’s more that they offer the stretch and that in itself helps the back. Sometimes pat them after the whip so they know it’s normal. ‘I’m not punishing you I’m just trying to help your back.’

When you use the whip now, find the movement where it’s easy for her to swing through your leg to the hand and soften the back. Sometimes they don’t know what to do with the energy created by the whip, that’s why they kick out. Can you see then she also reacted with the front leg? That’s good. The whole body should react. When you have a good reaction from the horse, always make them confident with it.”

“Ride some 20 metre trot circles and five loop serpentines and look for the same quality through both reins. Just think of flexion as the giving in the inside gullet, not that it moves a lot sideways. It’s quality not quantity.”